Suchergebnisse

Este trabajo presenta un modelo de elecciones con votantes heterogéneos e información asimétrica sobre el tipo de funcionario en que la señalización de los años electorales conducen a una convergencia de política. Los políticos enfrentan motivaciones tanto ideológicas como políticas al elegir una política. Funcionarios moderados implementan políticas que equiparan los costos de desviación de su política preferida y los beneficios de su incremento en la posibilidad de reelección. Utilizando refinamientos de equilibrio estandar, se obtienen las condiciones bajo las cuales el equilibrio único es dividido en políticas. Bajo ciertas condiciones, los votantes con aversión al riesgo se benefician de una mejor dispersión de políticas durante años electorales. ; This paper presents a model of elections with heterogeneous voters and asymmetric information about the incumbent's type, in which signaling in electoral years leads to policy convergence. Politicians face both ideological and opportunistic motivations while choosing a policy. Moderate incumbents implement policies that balance the costs of deviating from their preferred policy and the gains from their increased chances of reelection. Using standard equilibrium refinements, conditions are obtained under which the unique equilibrium is separating in policies. Under certain conditions, risk averse voters benefit from the lower dispersion of policies during electoral years. ; Instituto de Investigaciones Económicas

Comments on Daniel W. Drezner's "Globalization and Policy Convergence" (2001). Two key points are offered & elucidated: (1) Alternative, nonstate actors & bodies, largely ignored by Drezner, serve an increasingly significant regulatory function to supplement state mechanisms. (2) Overarching conclusions about policy convergence need to account for the many local, particularized distinctions among industrial sectors. Globalization's challenge is to internationalize environmental, workplace, & health regulatory standards along with markets. Nonstate as well as state-based, traditional actors, agencies, & institutions play a pivotal role in policy advances & reforms. 4 References. K. Coddon

AbstractThis paper explores the extent to which, and the ways in which, it might be justified in talking of a movement towards convergence of social policy within Europe. It reviews definitions and typologies of the welfare state as a prelude to discussion of the different theoretical types and possibilities of social policy integration, which itself leads into consideration of supranational EU developments. The empirical data presented in respect of "social protection" expenditures (and taxation regimes) in general and of "active" and "passive" labour market expenditures in particular, lend support to the notion not merely that the welfare state is not yet over in Europe, but that forms of social policy convergence are in evidence already.

The relationship between global economic integration and policy convergence in banking is examined in five countries: Canada, France, Germany, the United Kingdom and the United States. Focusing upon policy styles and modes of policy-making, considerable convergence in membership of policy communities and some convergence in the organization of state agencies is found. When it comes to policy networks, there is more limited convergence on a corporatist mode of policy-making in banking. Policy style may not be as responsive to international economic changes as policy goals, policy content, and policy instruments.

AbstractThe European Union (EU) is often seen as an institutional environment that facilitates the exchange of information about the effects of policies, and thus promotes convergence towards successful policies. However, current qualitative studies analyze only EU members and cannot dismiss the hypothesis that the relation between policy success and policy convergence is universal and not affected by EU membership. The article analyzes a dyadic data set on privatization policies in the electricity sector to test the interaction hypothesis that joint EU membership not only causes policy convergence, but also increases the effect of policy success on policy convergence. The result is that economic success of privatizations in role‐model countries and joint EU membership both increase the probability of policy convergence. However, there is no interaction between policy success and joint EU membership. Thus, contrary to widely held assumptions, joint EU membership does not amplify learning from each other's policy success.

International audience ; Everywhere policies are being developed to increase the access of the disabled to public transport. Comparative analysis of these policies is useful in two respects: content and process, i.e. what to achieve and how to achieve it. The first type of analysis is not unusual, the second type is. Given the general effort and the intensity of international contacts, it would not be strange to expect a convergence in policies but perhaps more so with regard to content than to process. Administrative traditions may differ widely between countries, There is extensive theorising on policy convergence. The essence of the theory is presented and the different policy levels at which convergence may occur are made operational for accessible transport policies. The policies of three European countries (France, the Netherlands and Switzerland) are compared at the level of policy instruments. It shows that in all these countries a range of instruments is used. But there are remarkable differences in the relative importance of these instruments. Both France and Switzerland rely strongly on legal instruments (law and regulations), but the Netherlands more on the transfer of information (not enforcing but convincing). Both the Netherlands and Switzerland support their policies with subsidies for adapting the infrastructure. France seems to present it as a national duty which regional actors have to fulfil. The effectiveness of these strategies is not assessed.